Biocatalysis, including fermentation and processing involving the use of isolated or immobilised enzymes, represents a range of ubiquitous process operations applied to fine / sustainable chemicals, manufactured as part of Biorefining, and pharmaceutical manufacture. The application of Sonobioprocessing to biocatalysis is in its infancy but can be used for improved: 

• kinetics, cell growth and productivity
• mixing and mass transfer
• cell permeation (cell wall mass transport)
• gas transfer
• fermentation product gas removal 

Central to the Celbius approach to ultrasound assisted bioprocessing –sonobioprocessing - is the application of ultrasound at scale to any bioprocessing unit operation for controlling and enhancing:

• productivity
• batch cycle time
• production costs
• conversion rates
• purification
• biocatalyst utilisation

Ultrasound assisted processing can be applied to biocatalysis, fermentation and bioprocessing including:

• Renewable chemicals derived from biorefining such as biofuels
• Pharmaceutical intermediates and actives such as antibiotics derived from biocatalytic processing or fermentation 

Celbius - for innovative bioprocessing